1. The Lure of the Sea: The 19th century’s Romanticism brought a fascination with the sea and the supernatural, inspiring artists to portray mermaids as tragic figures embodying unrequited love, isolation, and mystery. John William Waterhouse’s famous work A Mermaid (1901) embodies this Romantic ideal, presenting a melancholic, contemplative mermaid alone by the water.
2. Symbolists and Pre-Raphaelites: Artists like Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones painted mermaids with wistful, dreamy expressions, reflecting Symbolism’s interest in myth and the subconscious. These works often had an emotional depth, exploring themes of longing and the clash between worlds.

1. Fantasy and Cultural Diversity: Contemporary art has embraced the mermaid as a fantasy figure open to reinterpretation, blending traditional imagery with diverse cultural influences. For example, African and Caribbean artists have created mermaid figures that draw from the water deity Mami Wata, embodying both beauty and power.
2. Pop Culture and Digital Art: In digital and street art, mermaids appear as symbols of environmental issues, often as metaphors for the harm done to marine ecosystems. Others are depicted in surreal, dreamlike environments, sometimes emphasizing their hybrid nature to evoke themes of transformation, alienation, and resilience.

1. Symbol of the Sea: Sculptures like Edvard Eriksen’s The Little Mermaid in Copenhagen are iconic, illustrating Hans Christian Andersen’s tragic tale and reflecting the fragile beauty often associated with mermaids.
2. Environmental and Feminist Art: Some modern sculptures and installations use the mermaid as a feminist icon or to advocate for environmentalism. Artists have used mermaid figures to emphasize ecological messages, such as the protection of marine life or the power of femininity.

Mermaids in art are continuously re-imagined, serving as a mirror to the social and cultural narratives of their time. They stand as timeless symbols of transformation, nature’s allure, and humanity’s unending fascination with the unknown depths.