by www.kamisama.com.br

A Short History of Anime

In 1854, Japan opened its ports to foreign trade. The technologies developed in the West were introduced to and quickly adopted by many in Japan. This included the inventions of Alva Edison and included the moving picture…

Thus began the era of Japanese animation, ushered in, in 1914, with the earliest anime being first screened in 1917 ‒ a two minute clip which featured a comedic folk tale about a samurai warrior.

By the 1930s, the anime industry had gained a significant amount of interest in Japan. Unfortunately, the local Japanese animators had to deal with a lot of competition, both from foreign and amongst local animators. As a result, Japanese animators had to work cheaply and were forced to optfor the animation technique called cutout animation, instead of the more expensive cel animation.

However, with cutout animation, Japanese animators such as Noburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata were still able to create wonders. Later on, animators such as Kenzō Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo improved the Japanese animation industry, among others, by using cel animation and by introducing sound. In 1933, Masaoka produced the first talkie anime called “Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka” or “The World of Power and Women”.

This was succeeded in 1945, by Seo’s direction of “Momotaro’s Devine Sea Warriors”, which was the first anime film at feature length.

The achievement of these Japanese animators was even more commendable because it was difficult to survive commercially. They also had to rely heavily on the support of the government, which entailed an obligation to include educational and militaristic propaganda. 

Additionally, Japanese animation was greatly influenced by the success of the 1937 feature film by the Walt Disney Company, called “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”. For instance, Osamu Tezuka started to mimic American style cartoons to reduce costs and limit the number of frames in production and with that created the popular graphic novel known as “Shin Takarajima” or “New Treasure Island” in 1947.

In the 1970s, the Japanese film market shrunk due to the increased competition from television which eventually led to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions. However, the work of Osamu Tezuka was able to survive this competition. In fact, his work was so impressive that he was often credited as the “god of manga”. His distinctive “large eyes” style in animation still remains as one of the fundamental elements of anime today.

During this difficult era, a genre known as Mecha has also been introduced whose animation films include “Mazinger Z” (1972–74), “Science Ninja Team Gatchaman” (1972–74), “Space Battleship Yamato” (1974–75) and “Mobile Suit Gundam” (1979–80).

Other notable milestones for the Japanese animation industry include the release of “Akira” in the 1980s that has found huge success in both the Japanese and foreign market, and the boom in production in the 1990s due to the release of “Ghost in the Shell”. Furthermore, in 2008, Doraemon has been officially appointed as the first Anime Ambassador by Japanese government in order to promote anime worldwide. All these led to the success of the animation industry of Japan that we know today.

For more information, please visitAnime Forum —- Article from articlesbase.com

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Graphic Novels – Ten of the Best for Any Christmas

Thanks to the surge in interest for comics and graphic novels, due to films such as The Dark Knight, Iron Man, Iron Man 2, The Incredible Hulk and Watchmen film adaptation, many people are turning to the painted page in search of the perfect Christmas gift. Getting into graphic novels can be extremely daunting due to the sheer number of available titles, so here’s a run-down of ten of the best graphic novels of all time. These are title which fans new and old should have in their collections. These are amongst the finest examples of the genre’s art and writing and the comics industry as a whole. They are presented here for your edification in no particular order.

Watchmen – Widely acknowledged as the greatest graphic novel of all time, and certainly the bestselling book to hit comics shelves. Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons created something so monumental that it has been a bestseller for almost two decades, not to mention spawning the most anticipated film of 2009.

V for Vendetta – Alan Moore and David Lloyd’s original graphic novel that inspired another hit movie. A moving and gripping masterpiece that is considered one of the genre’s landmarks.

Marvels – The beautifully painted artwork of Alex Ross was the perfect accompaniment to Kurt Busiek’s flawless script in this superb book. A unique and near perfect exploration of the Marvel Universe’s early years.

Kingdom Come – Alex Ross also supplied the artwork for DC’s incredible alternate future story. Complex and engrossing, Kingdom Come, written by Mark Waid, cemented Ross as one of the true stars of the comics medium.

Civil War – The biggest event to rock the Marvel Universe in years. Hero faced off against hero as the debate over the superhero registration act spilled over into violence. A truly monumental thriller, which saw writer Mark Millar take the core Marvel characters to a new level of drama.

Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (10th Anniversary Edition) – Frank Miller transformed the comics industry, and more specifically the character of Batman, with this seminal graphic novel. Batman has been retired for ten years, and Bruce Wayne once more takes on the mantle of the Bat in order to take on a new breed of villains.

Maus – This is a unique memoir by Art Spiegelman, presented as a graphic novel, which thirteen years to complete. It recounts the struggle of Spiegelman’s father to survive the Holocaust as a Polish Jew told in a stark black and white story featuring stylized cats and mice.

Preacher Vol. 9: Alamo – The multi-volume DC Vertigo series PREACHER is one of contemporary comics’ greatest works. Written by Garth Ennis and featuring gorgeous art by Steve Dillon with covers by Glen Fabry, it is a harrowing and gripping tale of redemption, religion and vampire hicks.

Y: The Last Man, Vol. 1 – A fascinating, multi-part epic following the misadventures of Yorick, the last man on Earth, and his monkey. A deeply moving examination of a very dark future indeed.

Batman: The Killing Joke – Currently the most sought-after Batman title published. This stunning one-shot provided some of the source material for the mega hit movie The Dark Knight, and features a typically sparkling script by Alan Moore and sleek art from 2000 ad star Brian Bolland.

These are just some of the groundbreaking trade paperback graphic novels that have enthralled comics fans all over the world, and have cemented the comics industry as a force to be reckoned with. The impact of these works is huge, and has seen the genre move from being a niche interest to an entertainment and literature phenomenon in recent years. There are countless others to enjoy, but these are tsome of the best and would make a good starting point for your Christmas gift list. Happy reading!

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